Abstract
Reaction-diffusion (RD) is the most important inherent feature of living organism, but it has yet to be used for developing biofunctional nanoparticles (NPs). Here we show the use of chirality to control the RD of NPs for selectively inhibiting cancer cells. We observe that L-phosphotyrosine (L-pY) decorated NPs (NP@L-pYs) are innocuous to cells, but D-pY decorated ones (NP@D-pYs) selectively inhibit cancer cells. Our study shows that alkaline phosphatases (ALP), presented in the culture and overexpressed on the cancer cells, dephosphorylates NP@L-pYs much faster than NP@D-pYs. Such a rate difference allows the NP@D-pYs to be mainly dephosphorylated on cell surface, thus adhering selectively on the cancer cells to result in poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) hyperactivation mediated cell death. Without phosphate groups or being prematurely dephosphorylated before reaching cancer cells (as the case of NP@L-pYs), the NPs are innocuous to cells. Moreover, NP@D-pYs even exhibit more potent activity than cisplatin for inhibiting platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells (e.g., A2780-cis). As the first example of chirality controlling RD process of NPs for inhibiting cancer cells, this work illustrates a fundamentally new way for developing nanomedicine based on RD processes and nanoparticles.