Abstract
Life relies on the efficient performance of molecular codes, which relate symbols and meanings via error-prone molecular recognition. We describe how optimizing a code to withstand the impact of molecular recognition noise may be understood from the statistics of a two-dimensional network made of polymers. The noisy code is defined by partitioning the space of symbols into regions according to their meanings. The "polymers" are the boundaries between these regions, and their statistics define the cost and the quality of the noisy code. When the parameters that control the cost-quality balance are varied, the polymer network undergoes a transition, where the number of encoded meanings rises discontinuously. Effects of population dynamics on the evolution of molecular codes are discussed.