Abstract
Biopolymers from renewable materials are promising alternatives to the traditional petroleum-based plastics used today, although they face limitations in terms of performance and processability. Natural fillers have been identified as a strategic route to create sustainable composites, and natural fillers in the form of waste by-products have received particular attention. Consequently, the primary focus of this article is to offer a broad overview of recent breakthroughs in environmentally friendly Polhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymers and their composites. PHAs are aliphatic polyesters obtained by bacterial fermentation of sugars and fatty acids and are considered to play a key role in addressing sustainability challenges to replace traditional plastics in various industrial sectors. Moreover, the article examines the potential of biodegradable polymers and polymer composites, with a specific emphasis on natural composite materials, current trends, and future market prospects. Increased environmental concerns are driving discussions on the importance of integrating biodegradable materials with natural fillers in our daily use, emphasizing the need for clear frameworks and economic incentives to support the use of these materials. Finally, it highlights the indispensable need for ongoing research and development efforts to address environmental challenges in the polymer sector, reflecting a growing interest in sustainable materials across all industries.