Abstract
With the development of tissue engineering, bone defects, such as fractured long bones or cavitary lesions, may be efficiently repaired and reconstructed using bone substitutes. However, high rates of fusion failure remain unavoidable in spinal fusion surgery owing to the lack of appropriate materials for bone regeneration under such challenging conditions. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), a major regulator of bone remodeling, exerts both anabolic and catabolic effects. In this study, we modified PTH(1-34) and designed and synthesized a novel PTH-related peptide, namely PTHrP-1. Further, we fabricated a local PTHrP delivery device from mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) to address the need for a suitable material in spinal fusion surgery. Using MBG scaffolds as a control, the biological properties of PTHrP-MBG scaffolds were evaluated in terms of attachment, proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as osteogenic gene and angiogenic gene expression in co-cultured rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in vitro. Furthermore, PTHrP-1-MBG scaffolds were tested in a rat posterolateral spinal fusion model. Our data showed that PTHrP-1-MBG scaffolds possessed good ability to facilitate attachment and stimulation of rBMSC proliferation and differentiation. Importantly, the in vivo results revealed that the PTHrP-1-MBG scaffolds facilitated faster new bone formation and a higher rate and quality of spinal fusion. Therefore, the results suggest that devices consisting of the present novel PTHrP and MBG possess wider potential applications in bone regeneration and should serve as a promising bone substitute for spinal fusion.