Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a public health concern and a subject of active research effort. Development of pre-clinical animal models is critical to study viral-host interaction, tissue tropism, disease mechanisms, therapeutic approaches, and long-term sequelae of infection. Here, we report two mouse models for studying SARS-CoV-2: A knock-in mAce2(F83Y,H353K) mouse that expresses a mouse-human hybrid form of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor under the endogenous mouse Ace2 promoter, and a Rosa26 conditional knock-in mouse carrying the human ACE2 allele (Rosa26(hACE2)). Although the mAce2(F83Y,H353K) mice were susceptible to intranasal inoculation with SARS-CoV-2, they did not show gross phenotypic abnormalities. Next, we generated a Rosa26(hACE2);CMV-Cre mouse line that ubiquitously expresses the human ACE2 receptor. By day 3 post infection with SARS-CoV-2, Rosa26(hACE2);CMV-Cre mice showed significant weight loss, a variable degree of alveolar wall thickening and reduced survival rates. Viral load measurements confirmed inoculation in lung and brain tissues of infected Rosa26(hACE2);CMV-Cre mice. The phenotypic spectrum displayed by our different mouse models translates to the broad range of clinical symptoms seen in the human patients and can serve as a resource for the community to model and explore both treatment strategies and long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.