Abstract
Some protein food supplements intended for athletes may be adulterated with pharmacologically active substances, including anabolic steroids and prohormones. The addition of these substances is aimed at enabling manufacturers to achieve rapid sales growth by promising quick increases in strength and muscle mass. However, the consumption of these products will lead to a positive result in a routine anti-doping test, along with all of the consequences that will directly affect an athlete's career and reputation. At the same time, the illicit use of anabolic steroids continues to evolve across numerous sport disciplines. Moreover, vicious cheaters try to cover up their illegal actions by using various pharmacological agents to mask detection in anti-doping tests. This narrative review focuses on two situations-the innocent athlete and the vicious cheater. The athlete involved in inadvertent doping will suffer the consequences of doping, making close collaboration with medical staff extremely important. The analytic strategies described here address anabolic steroid doping detection and cheating using masking agents. This approach, based on biochemical changes, examines how these substances interfere with the testosterone pathway, from synthesis to elimination. Using masking agents alters the steroid profile, and the modifications produced by each agent are the subject of a detailed presentation. For most honest athletes, these findings support the initiation, development, and refinement of strategies for identifying food supplements with added illegal substances. Every athlete must have access to these approaches in order to avoid becoming vulnerable to sports fraud.