Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance. They are essential for the initiation and progression of autoimmune diseases affecting the nervous system. Recently, the correlation between Tregs and neurological autoimmune diseases, as well as their therapeutic potential, has become a central focus of research. Currently, various methods for in vivo or in vitro generation and expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs are under investigation; however, their application in cellular therapy is anticipated to face additional challenges. This article primarily delves into the development and function of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs, the role of Tregs in neurological autoimmune disease pathology, basic methods for enhancing therapies, and recent advancements and challenges in cellular therapy for neurological autoimmune diseases.