Abstract
Brain diseases are a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Early detection can lead to earlier intervention and better outcomes for patients. In recent years, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) imaging have been widely used in stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and brain cancer due to their advantages of in vivo, unlabeled, and high-resolution 3D microvessel imaging at the capillary resolution level. This review summarizes recent advances and challenges in living brain imaging using OCT/OCTA, including technique modality, types of diseases, and theoretical approach. Although there may still be many limitations, with the development of lasers and the advances in artificial intelligence are expected to enable accurate detection of deep cerebral hemodynamics and guide intraoperative tumor resection in vivo in the future.