Abstract
Among the waste generated at oil refineries, secondary sludge from biological wastewater treatment processes (activated sludge systems) stands out. This paper aimed to assess the use of anaerobic digestion (AD) to treat sludge by SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) analysis, ranking the different factors based on sustainability criteria. Additionally, the SWOT factors were matched (TOWS matrix) to help interpret the results. AD was found to be compatible with sustainability. The results demonstrated that the strength of AD (reduced organic load) compensates for its weaknesses (need for operational control and initial implementation costs), thereby avoiding the threat (sludge composition) and making the most of the opportunity (lower disposal cost). AD and co-digestion (added with food waste) used to treat oil refinery sludge showed that around 60% of the factors analyzed were confirmed experimentally. It was concluded that AD should be considered in the sustainable treatment of oil refinery waste activated sludge, especially when mixed with other readily biodegradable wastes.