Abstract
Chronic wounds represent a major therapeutic challenge, with limited effective treatment options currently available. Both cellular and acellular approaches are being explored to address this issue, with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) emerging as a promising option. While these cells have been extensively studied, alternative stromal cell sources, such as fibroblasts (Fbs), may also possess comparable therapeutic potential. Thus, this review focuses on stromal cell-derived secretomes (conditioned medium) as a source of acellular therapy for chronic wounds and presents the available wound-healing models (in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo) suitable for evaluating their therapeutic efficacy, prior to clinical application. By conducting an analysis of the existing studies, we present the impact of the cell culture conditions on the enhancement in the bioactivity of the MSC/Fb-derived conditioned medium, a research area that continues to evolve.