Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the successful application of Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) in producing ultra-fine grained (UFG) and nano-structured crystalline bulk materials. SPD achieves outstanding grain refinement without significantly altering the original dimensions of the workpiece, making it particularly useful for ductile materials that can withstand large strains under high hydrostatic pressure before failure. The study explores the grain refining mechanism during severe plastic deformation and its impact on the microstructure of metals. It also examines the use of SPD in hard to deform brittle materials like tungsten oxide, B(2)O(3) glasses, and amorphous materials. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, along with their applications and potential for combining more than one technique. The review is significant because it emphasizes recent progress in process development, which could potentially enable the industrialization of certain SPD techniques for specific applications. This paper fills the gap in the literature by addressing this issue. Overall, the review demonstrates the potential of SPD in metalworking and its application in the development of new UFG materials with improved mechanical properties.