Abstract
PURPOSE: This meta-analysis evaluates the evolution, applications, and recent advancements in the materials and treatments used in ophthalmic lenses, focusing on their effectiveness, comfort, and safety, while also considering sustainability as a key factor. METHODS: The study was registered with PROSPERO and conducted following the PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 guidelines. A systematic review was performed across databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, without time or language restrictions. Observational studies analyzing optical materials and ophthalmic lens treatments were included, and a random-effects model was applied due to the high heterogeneity observed among the studies. RESULTS: Nine studies were included that evaluated different materials, such as CR-39(®), PMMA with nanoparticles, and high-refractive-index polymers, with variability in refractive index (1.49 to 1.90) and light transmission (84.15% to 99%). Treatments like anti-reflective and abrasion-resistant coatings improved optical quality and durability. However, significant heterogeneity and publication bias were identified, limiting the generalizability of the results. CONCLUSIONS: The materials and treatments evaluated play a crucial role in the optical quality, durability, and comfort of lenses. Although advancements in sustainable materials show promise for reducing environmental impact, challenges remain in terms of cost and production. It is recommended to establish more stringent standards and promote research to improve the consistency and performance of ophthalmic lenses while ensuring sustainability.