Abstract
Contributing to a sustainable economy requires the use of pure recycled materials. Analyzing polyolefin post-consumer materials and cross-contaminations in these materials is an essential part in ensuring consistent product quality. Therefore, the aim of this work was to quantify the linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) content in polypropylene (PP)-dominant strips. The materials investigated included virgin PP, custom PP-LLDPE blends and PP post-consumer recyclates. To this end, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and parallel-plate rheometry were used. For complementary measurements, Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed, confirming the morphological occurrence of LLDPE enclosed in PP up to 30 wt%. The DSC measurements demonstrated that the evaluated specific melt and recrystallization enthalpies alone are insufficient to quantify the LLDPE content, especially at 1-10 wt%. The rheometric results showed a strong correlation between the cross-over point (COP) and zero-shear viscosity for pure PP grades, and there was a deviation from this correlation depending on the LLDPE content in the PP-LLDPE blends. An approach for determining low (1-15 wt%) and medium (up to 30 wt%) LLDPE quantities in PP via two mathematical models is proposed based on the rheometric measurements of custom blends and can be applied to assess the level of LLDPE contamination in PP post-consumer materials.