Abstract
The recovery process following ischemic stroke is a complex undertaking involving intricate cellular and molecular interactions. Cellular dysfunction or aberrant pathways can lead to complications such as brain edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and glial scar hyperplasia, hindering angiogenesis and nerve regeneration. These abnormalities may contribute to long-term disability post-stroke, imposing significant burdens on both families and society. Current clinical interventions primarily focus on endovascular therapy, overlooking the protection of brain cells themselves. However, the use of bioactive materials in stroke management has shown notable safety and efficacy. By precisely targeting the ischemic site at a cellular and molecular level, this therapeutic approach mitigates ischemia-induced brain tissue damage and promotes site repair. This review examines the protective benefits of bioactive materials in reducing cell damage and facilitating nerve restoration in accordance with the pathophysiological basis of ischemic stroke. Enhanced understanding of ischemic stroke mechanisms has the potential to advance the targeted and efficient clinical use of bioactive materials.