Abstract
Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare malignant soft tissue neoplasm characterized by distinctive histological features, indolent growth patterns and a propensity for metastasis. Recent advancements in molecular pathology and targeted therapies have significantly enhanced our understanding of its clinical and pathological characteristics. This paper systematically reviews the epidemiological profile, histopathological diagnostic criteria, molecular genetic mechanisms (notably the ASPSCR1-TFE3 gene fusion), immunophenotypic features, and differential diagnosis of ASPS. By integrating insights from multi-omics technologies, we explore the potential of personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve disease comprehension and refine clinicopathological diagnostic standards, thereby guiding clinical management and enhancing patient outcomes.