Abstract
Methyl-CpG-binding domain 3 (Mbd3) is a core repressor complex component. Although Mbd3 is required for the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ES), the role of Mbd3 in mouse ES (mES) cell apoptosis remains undefined. In this study naïve-state mES were derived and maintained in the presence of a selective protein kinase C pathway inhibitor (PKCi; Gӧ6983) to study the function of Mbd3 during mES apoptosis. Mbd3 overexpression in mES decreased the total cell number and viability, and it also dramatically increased the rate of apoptosis. Further investigation of Mbd3 overexpression revealed a 3-fold increase in the proapoptotic/prosurvival protein ratio (Bax/Bcl-2) and elevated RNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes, including Bim, Trail, Fasl, and caspase 3, with reduced Bcl-2 RNA expression levels. Removal of PKCi from the mES cell culture resulted in upregulated Mbd3 expression and apoptosis, similar to the effects of Mbd3 overexpression. Furthermore, specific knockdown of endogenous Mbd3 partially rescued the mES apoptosis induced by the removal of PKCi, thus increasing the total cell number and viability while decreasing the rate of apoptosis. Additionally, Bax, Bim, Trail, and caspase 3 RNA expression levels were partially reduced, and that of Bcl-2 was partially increased. Our findings support Mbd3 as a pivotal regulator of apoptosis in mES.
Keywords:
Mbd3; Mouse embryonic stem cells; PKC inhibitor; cell apoptosis; protein kinase C.