Abstract
The species of the ant genus Nesomyrmex inhabiting the tropical dry forest (TDF) of Colombia are reviewed. Three new species of this genus, Nesomyrmexiku sp. nov., Nesomyrmexkonina sp. nov., and Nesomyrmexxerophilus sp. nov., are described based on worker caste. Nesomyrmexvargasi Longino, 2006 is recorded for the first time in South America, and Nesomyrmexantoniensis (Forel, 1912) is proposed as a junior synonym of Nesomyrmexasper (Mayr, 1887). A worker-based taxonomic identification key for the Colombian species is provided. High-resolution images and illustrations, and a distribution map for the species present in the Colombian TDF are provided.