Abstract
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by gliding, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated IMCC34845(T), was isolated from a freshwater stream in the Republic of Korea. The results of 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analyses showed that strain IMCC34845(T) was affiliated with the genus Zwartia and was most closely related to 'Achromobacter panacis' DCY105(T) (100%) and Zwartia hollandica LF4-65(T) (98.9%). The whole-genome sequence of strain IMCC34845(T) was 3.2 Mbp in size with a 51.5% DNA G+C content. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain IMCC34845(T) and 'Achromobacter panacis' KCTC 42751(T) were 77.7% and 20.7%, respectively, revealing that they are independent species. Moreover, the strains IMCC34845(T) and KCTC 42751(T) exhibited ≤ 72.5% ANI and ≤18.5% dDDH values with closely related species Zwartia hollandica LF4-65(T), further supporting that the two strains represent each novel species of the genus. The major respiratory quinone of strain IMCC34845(T) was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and the predominant cellular fatty acids were C(16:0) (41.3%) and C(17:0) cyclo (34.5%). The major polar lipids of the strain were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified phospholipids, and unidentified aminolipids. Based on the phylogenetic, genomic, physiological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain IMCC34845(T) was considered to represent a novel species within the genus Zwartia, for which the name Zwartia vadi sp. nov. is proposed. The type of strain is IMCC34845(T) (=KCTC 92920(T) = NBRC 114902(T)). Furthermore, based on the taxonomic data, 'Achromobacter panacis' is proposed to be reclassified as Zwartia panacis comb. nov.