Abstract
Vicia sativa L. (common vetch, n = 6) is an annual, herbaceous, climbing legume, originating in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East and now widespread in the Mediterranean basin, West, Central and Eastern Asia, North and South America. V. sativa is of economic importance as a forage legume in countries such as Australia, China, and the USA, and contributes valuable nitrogen to agricultural rotation cropping systems. To accelerate precision genome breeding and genomics-based selection of this legume, we present a chromosome-level reference genome sequence for V. sativa, constructed using a combination of long-read Oxford Nanopore sequencing, short-read Illumina sequencing, and high-throughput chromosome conformation data (CHiCAGO and Hi-C) analysis. The chromosome-level assembly of six pseudo-chromosomes has a total genome length of 1.65 Gbp, with a median contig length of 684 Kbp. BUSCO analysis of the assembly demonstrated very high completeness of 98% of the dicotyledonous orthologs. RNA-seq analysis and gene modelling enabled the annotation of 53,218 protein-coding genes. This V. sativa assembly will provide insights into vetch genome evolution and be a valuable resource for genomic breeding, genetic diversity and for understanding adaption to diverse arid environments.