Abstract
Although several studies have explored green adsorbent synthesized from many types of agriculture waste, this study represents the first attempt to prepare an environmentally friendly rice bran/SnO(2)/Fe(3)O(4)-based absorbent with economic viability and material reusability, for the promotion of sustainable development. Here, rice bran/SnO(2)/Fe(3)O(4) composites were successfully synthesized and applied for adsorption of reactive blue 4 (RB4) and crystal violet (CV) dyes in aqueous solutions. The adsorption data were well-fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacities of the RB4 and CV dyes as indicated by the Langmuir isotherm model were 218.82 and 159.24 mg/g, respectively. As results of response surface methodology (RSM) showed, the quadratic model was appropriate to predict the performance of RB4 dye removal. The findings exhibited that an optimum removal rate of 98% was achieved at 60 °C for pH 2.93 and adsorption time of 360 min. Comparative evaluation of different agricultural wastes indicated that the rice bran/SnO(2)/Fe(3)O(4) composite appeared to be a highly promising material in terms of regeneration and reusability, and showed that the composite is a potential adsorbent for dye removal from aqueous solutions. Overall, the study results clearly suggest that an adsorbent synthesized from rice bran/SnO(2)/Fe(3)O(4) magnetic particle composites provides encouraging adsorption capacity for practical applications for environmental prevention.