Abstract
A multi-technique approach based on Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry, gas phase chromatography, mass spectrometry, NMR and IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and quantum-chemical calculations was used to study the evaporation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMImBF(4)). The saturated vapor over BMImBF(4) was shown to have a complex composition which consisted of the neutral ion pairs (NIPs) [BMIm(+)][BF(4)(-)], imidazole-2-ylidene C(8)N(2)H(14)BF(3), 1-methylimidazole C(4)N(2)H(6), 1-butene C(4)H(8), hydrogen fluoride HF, and boron trifluoride BF(3). The vapor composition strongly depends on the evaporation conditions, shifting from congruent evaporation in the form of NIP under Langmuir conditions (open surface) to primary evaporation in the form of decomposition products under equilibrium conditions (Knudsen cell). Decomposition into imidazole-2-ylidene and HF is preferred. The vapor composition of BMImBF(4) is temperature-depended as well: the fraction ratio of [BMIm(+)][BF(4)(-)] NIPs to decomposition products decreased by about a factor of three in the temperature range from 450 K to 510 K.