Abstract
The hydrolyzed poly acrylonitrile andesite composite (HPAA) was prepared and characterized using BET analysis, zeta potential measurements, XRD and XPS before and after the adsorption process. Both the HPAA composite and andesite were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. The effect of adsorption on the surface morphology and crystallinity of andesite was evaluated using SEM imaging. To successfully extract metal ions and gas molecules Al(III), Fe(III), H(2)S, and CH(3)SH from an aqueous solution, andesite and HPAA composite were employed. This study examined the adsorption process on andesite and the HPAA composite for Al(III) and Fe(III) under the following circumstances: temperature (25-50) °C, retention time (5-90) minutes, pH (2-8), dose (0.005-0.1) g L⁻(1), and initial concentration (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5) mg L⁻(1); for H(2)S and CH(3)SH, dose (0.02-2) g L⁻(1), retention time (2-25) minutes, pH (2-10), temperature (25-50) °C, and (20-100) mg L⁻(1) H(2)S and (2-10) CH(3)SH mg L⁻(1). All of these factors influence adsorption capacity, which increases with retention time, pH, dosage, temperature and initial concentration but adsorption efficiency% decreases as initial concentration increases. For Al(III) and Fe(III), the ideal numbers for pH, retention time, ion concentration, dosage, and temperature were 6.00, 30 min., 0.5 mg L⁻(1), 0.025 g L⁻(1), and 25 °C, accordingly; for H(2)S and CH(3)SH, they were 9.00, 10 min. (100 mg L⁻(1) for H(2)S and 10 mg L⁻(1) for CH(3)SH), 1.00 g L⁻(1), and 25 °C. The PAA composite was prepared using the bulk technique, while the HPAA composite was prepared using hydrolyzed. The maximal adsorption capacity and adsorption efficiency% for Al(III) and Fe(III) on andesite were (17.35, 15.39) mg g⁻(1) and (96.00, 94.08), respectively; when utilizing HPAA, was (18.15, 17.79) mg g⁻(1) and (100.00, 97.58). The highest adsorption capacity and adsorption efficiency% for H(2)S and CH(3)SH on andesite were (94.48, 9.08) mg g⁻(1) and (97.50, 95.00), respectively, while the HPAA was (98.40, 9.75) mg g⁻(1) and (100.00, 99.00). The assessment of thermodynamic parameters, such as ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS, was essential in demonstrating that the heavy metal adsorption process on andesite and HPAA was endothermic, indicating that its physical characteristics enhanced with an increase in temperature. It was shown that the linear form of the Langmuir adsorption equation corresponded to the adsorption of Al(III), Fe(III), H(2)S, and CH(3)SH on andesite and HPAA. The linear version of the Freundlich and Temkin adsorption equations is satisfied by the adsorption of H2S and CH3SH on andesite and HPAA. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model better predicts the sorption of Al(III), Fe(III), H2S, and CH3SH by andesite and HPAA. The HPAA composite was applied as an adsorbent for the extraction of Al(3)⁺, Fe(3)⁺, H(2)S, CH(3)SH, Na⁺, NH₄⁺, Cl⁻, Br⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄(2)⁻, and K⁺ from real wastewater samples.