Abstract
The self-associative properties of cytidine-rich oligonucleotides into symmetrical i-motif tetramers give to these oligonucleotides the capacity of forming supramolecular structures (sms) that have potential applications in the nanotechnology domain. In order to facilitate sms formation, oligonucleotides containing two cytidine stretches of unequal length (C(n)XC(m)) separated by a non-cytidine spacer were synthesized. They were designed to associate into a tetramer including an i-motif core built by intercalation of the C.C(+) pairs of the longer C stretch with the two dangling non-intercalated strands of the shorter C stretch at each end. Gel filtration chromatography shows that the non-intercalated C-rich ends give to this structure the capacity of forming extremely stable sms. Using C(7)GC(4) as a model, we find that the sms formation rate varies as the oligonucleotide concentration and increases at high temperature. Competitively with the tetramer involved in sms elongation, C(n)XC(m) oligonucleotides form i-motif dimers that compete with sms elongation. The dimer stability is strongly reduced when the pH is moved away from the cytidine pK. This results in an equilibrium shift towards the tetramer and in the acceleration of the sms formation rate. The chromatograms of the sms formed by C(7)GC(4) indicate a broad distribution. In a 1.5 mM solution incubated at 37 degrees C, the equilibrium distribution is centered on a molecular weight corresponding to the assembly of nine tetramers and the upper limit corresponds to 80 tetramers. The lifetime of this structure is about 4 days at 40 degrees C, pH 4.6.