Abstract
The nucleotide substrate specificity of yeast poly(A) polymerase (yPAP) was examined with various ATP analogues of clinical relevance. The triphosphate derivatives of cladribine (2-Cl-dATP), clofarabine (Cl-F-ara-ATP), fludarabine (F-ara-ATP), and related derivatives were incubated with yPAP and 32P-radiolabeled RNA oligonucleotide primers in the absence of ATP to assay polyadenylation. While 2-Cl-ATP resulted in primer elongation, ara-ATP and F-ara-ATP were poor substrates for yPAP. In contrast, the triphosphate derivatives of cladribine (2-Cl-dATP), clofarabine (Cl-F-ara-ATP) and its corresponding deoxyribose derivative (Cl-F-dATP) were substrates and caused chain termination in the absence of ATP. We further investigated whether analogue incorporation at the 3'-terminus of RNA primers negatively impacts polyadenylation with ATP by generating RNA oligonucleotides containing either a terminal clofarabine, Cl-F-dAdo, or cladribine residue. Incorporation of any of these analogs blocks the ability of yPAP to extend RNA past the analogue site, impeding the addition of a poly(A)-tail. To determine whether modified ATP analogues exhibit a concentration-dependent effect on polyadenylation, poly(A)-tail synthesis by yPAP with modified ATP analogues in combination with a constant level of ATP was also examined. With all the ATP analogues assayed in these studies, there was a significant reduction in poly(A)-tail length with increasing amounts of analogue triphosphate. Taken together, our results suggest that polyadenylation inhibition may be a component in the mechanism of action of adenosine analogues.