Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive evaluation of nanoparticle (NP) applications (1-100 nm) in veterinary medicine and animal science based on a rigorous assessment of studies published primarily in 2024. Key findings highlight three transformative impacts: (1) enhanced nutrition via improved mineral (zinc/selenium/iron NPs) and vitamin bioavailability, (2) advanced targeted drug delivery using liposomal/polymeric nanocarriers and (3) innovative disease control through nano-vaccines and mycotoxin adsorbents. The evidence reveals significant improvements across species (e.g., ruminants, chickens, aquaculture and other farm animals), with documented increases in growth rates, enhanced immune responses and reduced antibiotic usage. However, critical challenges emerge regarding species-specific dosage variations, long-term toxicity concerns and lack of regulatory frameworks. Collectively, the evidence underscores nanotechnology's potential to revolutionize veterinary practice while emphasizing the need for robust safety protocols and tailored species guidelines.