Conclusion
HAMSCs have good biocompatibility and paracrine function to promote bone repair by stimulating endogenous regeneration.
Methods
Proteome profile of HAMSCs and their functions on vascularized bone regeneration were investigated in vitro, while rabbit cranial defect model was used to further detect the effects of bone formation in vivo.
Results
HAMSCs secrete many osteogenic, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory cytokines. In vitro, HAMSCs can promote human bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (HBMSCs) migration and osteogenic differentiation; promote the capillary-tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), induce HUVECs migration and pro-angiogenic genes expression, and promote M2 macrophage polarization. Further, in vivo studies suggested that transplanted HAMSCs could survive and induce M2 macrophages to secrete bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rabbits' skull defects at an early stage, and, in turn, promote more new bone formation.