Abstract
An enzyme (nitrilase) that converts the herbicide bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) to its metabolite 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid was shown to be plasmid encoded in the natural soil isolate Klebsiella ozaenae. The bromoxynil-specific nitrilase was expressed in Escherichia coli by direct transfer and stable maintenance in E. coli of a naturally occurring 82-kilobase K. ozaenae plasmid. Irreversible loss of the ability to metabolize bromoxynil both in E. coli and K. ozaenae was associated with the conversion of the 82-kilobase plasmid to a 68-kilobase species. In E. coli this conversion was the result of a host recA+-dependent recombinational event. A gene, designated bxn, encoding the bromoxynil-specific nitrilase was constitutively expressed in K. ozaenae and E. coli and subcloned on a 2.6-kilobase PstI DNA segment. The polarity and the location of the gene were determined by assaying hybrid constructs of the bromoxynil-specific nitrilase gene fused with the heterologous lac promoter.