Abstract
Herein, we report the origin of unexpected reactivity of bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-6-ene substrates containing an α,β-unsaturated amide moiety in ruthenium-catalyzed alternating ring-opening metathesis polymerization reactions. Specifically, compared with control substrates bearing an ester, alkyl ketone, nitrile, or tertiary amide substituent, α,β-unsaturated substrates with a weakly acidic proton showed increased rates of ring-opening metathesis mediated by Grubbs-type ruthenium catalysts. (1)H NMR and IR spectral analyses indicated that deprotonation of the α,β-unsaturated amide substrates resulted in stronger coordination of the carbonyl group to the ruthenium metal center. Principal component analysis identified ring strain and the electron density on the carbonyl oxygen (based on structures optimized by means of ωB97X-D/6311+G(2df,2p) calculations) as the two key contributors to fast ring-opening metathesis of the bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-6-enes; whereas the dipole moment, conjugation, and energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital had little to no effect on the reaction rate. We conclude that alternating ring-opening metathesis polymerization reactions of bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-6-enes with unstrained cycloalkenes require an ionizable proton for efficient generation of alternating polymers.