Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the delivery of kidney care through predictive analytics, machine learning, deep learning, and generative AI technologies. To meet this challenge, the American Society of Nephrology convened an AI Workgroup to provide a framework for the responsible use of AI in nephrology. The group outlines foundational principles to guide AI development: prioritizing patient benefit, ensuring clinician oversight, and advancing innovation in high-burden disease areas. Its set of foundational assumptions are grounded in the physician always being in the loop and an overarching goal to benefit patients with kidney diseases. This review provides an overview of the clinical uses of AI in nephrology and offers practical guidance for nephrologists seeking to incorporate AI into CKD and AKI management, dialysis, and transplantation care. It also highlights key challenges-such as data quality, equity, transparency, and clinical integration-that must be addressed to ensure the responsible and effective implementation of AI in kidney care.