Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop and validate the OSABSS (Objective Structured Assessment of Basic Surgical Skills), a modified Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), to assess basic surgical skills in residents. DESIGN: A developmental study conducted in two phases. Basic skills were identified through literature review and gap analysis. The OSABSS was then designed as a modified OSCE. SETTING: This study took place at Alborz University of Medical Sciences in Iran. INTERVENTIONS: The OSABSS was created using Harden's OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) methodology. Scenarios, checklists, and station configurations were developed through expert panels. The exam was piloted and implemented with residents as participants and faculty as evaluators. PARTICIPANTS: 32 surgical residents in gynecology, general surgery, orthopedics, and neurosurgery participated. 22 faculty members were evaluators. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was OSABSS exam scores. Secondary outcomes were written exam scores, and national residency entrance ranks. MAIN RESULTS: The mean OSABSS score was 16.59 ± 0.19 across all stations. Criterion validity was demonstrated through correlations between OSABSS scores, written scores and entrance ranks. Reliability was high, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.87. No significant inter-rater score differences were found. CONCLUSIONS: The rigorous OSABSS development process produced an exam demonstrating strong validity and reliability for assessing basic surgical skills. The comprehensive station variety evaluates diverse technical and non-technical competencies. Further research should expand participant samples across surgical disciplines.