Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Ostrich farming is increasingly recognized for its economic potential but poses significant health challenges due to the risk of pathogen transmission, including multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. CASE STUDY: This study reports a case of a four-month-old female ostrich from western Romania presenting with severe respiratory and digestive infections, progressing to septicemia and death. A post-mortem examination revealed extensive mucus in the trachea, pulmonary congestion, hemorrhagic enteritis, and approximately 1250 g of metal objects in the ventriculus. Pure cultures of E. coli were isolated from the lungs and bone marrow and identified via MALDI-TOF MS. The strain exhibited multidrug resistance to several antibiotics, including enrofloxacin, doxycycline, and amoxicillin, highlighting the critical issue of antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine. DISCUSSIONS: This case underscores the need for enhanced management practices in ostrich farming to mitigate environmental and pathogenic risks, as well as the urgency of developing alternative strategies for controlling resistant bacterial infections in avian species. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the need for alternative treatments and stricter antimicrobial stewardship to combat multidrug-resistant E. coli in ostriches.