Abstract
Escherichia coli ST141 is one of the ExPEC lineages whose incidence is rising in France, even if no epidemic situation involving multidrug resistant isolates has been reported so far. Nonetheless, in a 2015-2017 monocentric study conducted in our French University hospital, ST141 was the most frequent lineage after ST131 in our collection of phylogroup B2 ESBL-producing E. coli. The genomes of 187 isolates representing ST141 group, including 170 genomes from public databases and 17 from our local collection, of which 13 produced ESBL, were analyzed to infer the maximum likelihood phylogeny SNP-based (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) free-recombinant tree defining the ST141 population structure. Genomes were screened for genes encoding virulence factors (VFs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We also evaluated the distribution of isolates according to their origin (host, disease, country) and the distribution of VFs or AMR genes. Finally, the phylogenic tree revealed that ST141 isolates clustered into two main sublineages, with low genetic diversity. Contrasting with a highly virulent profile, as many isolates accumulated VFs, the prevalence of AMR was limited, with no evidence of multidrug resistant emerging lineage. However, our results suggest that surveillance of this clonal group, which has the potential to spread widely in the community, would be essential.