Abstract
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) comprises a global threat to humans and animals. Here, we report and characterize the MRSA t304/ST6 variant which, to our knowledge, represents the first case found in bovine clinical mastitis. In general, the MRSA t304/ST6 variant is rarely described in livestock, contrary to humans where it is widely recognized. Phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiling showed that the bovine-MRSA t304/ST6 isolate expressed low susceptibility toward cefoxitin (MIC(cefoxitin) = 16 µg/mL) and carried the mecA resistance gene in the SCCmec IVa. The bovine-MRSA t304/ST6 isolate carried a plasmid similar to that which has been frequently observed among human-MRSA t304/ST6 isolates in Denmark (GenBank accession no. NZ_CP047022). In addition, a Staphylococcus prophage 3 (ϕSA3) was detected, encoding an immune evasion cluster (IEC) of putative virulence genes associated with human host-specificity (sea, sak, and scn). Taken together, these findings suggest that the MRSA t304/ST6 found in this study represents a recent host-jump event, with human to cow transmission. This study emphasizes the importance of and the need for performance of antimicrobial resistance surveillance among bovine mastitis pathogens, including S. aureus and MRSA.