Abstract
The accelerated dispersion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli due to the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) or AmpC enzymes has been noted in Egypt, presenting a serious treatment challenge. In this study, we investigate the prevalence of ESBLs and AmpC enzymes among 48 E. coli isolates collected from patients with urinary tract infections admitted to a teaching hospital in Alexandria. Phenotypic and genotypic methods of detection are conducted. Isolates producing both enzymes are tested for the mobilization of their genes by a broth mating experiment. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is performed for isolate EC13655. The results indicate that 80% of the isolates are MDR, among which 52% and 13% were ESBL and AmpC producers, respectively. Conjugation experiments fail to show the mobilization of bla(CMY-2) in EC13655, which was chosen for WGS. In silico analysis reveals that the isolate belongs to a ST410-H24Rx high-risk clone. It coharbors the ESBL-encoding genes bla(CTX-M-15), bla(TEM-1), bla(OXA-1) and bla(NDM-5) on an IncFIA/IncFIB/IncFII/IncQ1 multireplicon plasmid. The chromosomal location of bla(CMY-2) is detected with a flanking upstream copy of ISEcp1. This chromosomal integration of bla(CMY-2) establishes the stable maintenance of the gene and thus, necessitates an imperative local surveillance to reduce further spread of such strains in different clinical settings.