Abstract
Mites are arthropods and some of them infest dry meat cured products and produce allergic reactions. Some mites, such as Tyrolichus casei, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, or Tyrophagus longior feed on filamentous fungi that grow during the meat curing process. Removal of mite infestation of meat products is extremely difficult and there are no adequate miticidal compounds. The filamentous fungus Eurotium rubrum growing on the surface of ham is able to exert a biocontrol of the population of mites due to the production of miticidal compound(s). We have purified two compounds by silica gel chromatography, gel filtration, semipreparative and analytical HPLC and determined their miticidal activity against T. casei using a mite feeding assay. Mass spectrometry and NMR analysis showed that these two compounds are prenylated salicilyl aldehydes with a C-7 alkyl chain differing in a double bond in the C-7 alkyl chain. Structures correspond to those of flavoglaucin and aspergin. Pure flavoglaucin has a miticidal activity resulting in more than 90% mite mortality whereas aspergin does not affect the mites. Both compounds were formed simultaneously by E. rubrum C47 cultures in different media suggesting that they are synthesized by the same pathway. Production of both compounds was higher in solid culture media and the products were associated with abundant formation of cleistothecia. In liquid cultures both compounds remained mainly cell-associated and only about 10% of the total compounds was released to the culture broth. This miticidal compound may be used to combat efficiently mite infestation in different habitats. These results, will promote further advances on the utilization of flavoglaucin in food preservation and in human health since this compound has antitumor activity.