Abstract
The modifying effects of various environmental estrogenic compounds on thyroid carcinogenesis were investigated in a rodent two-stage carcinogenesis model. The compounds examined were a soy isoflavone mixture (SI) and genistein (GEN) as phytoestrogens, nonylphenol (NP) as a xenoestrogen, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) as a thyroid carcinogen and sulfadimethoxine (SDM) as a known thyroid tumor promoter. Five-week-old male F344 rats were given a single subcutaneous injection of N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN; 2800 mg / kg, body weight) or the vehicle alone. Starting one week thereafter, GEN (250 or 25 ppm in diet), SI (400 ppm in diet), NP (250 or 25 ppm in diet), MX (30 ppm, in drinking water) or SDM (1000 ppm in drinking water) was administered for 12 weeks. Major organs including the thyroid, pituitary, liver, kidney, testis, brain and pancreas were weighed and histopathological observation was performed. Thyroid weights were significantly increased (P < 0.001) only in the SDM treatment groups, especially with DHPN pretreatment. Kidney weights were slightly increased in the NP or MX treatment groups, albeit without statistical significance. Histopathologically, thyroid proliferative lesions were only observed in the SDM alone or DHPN + SDM group with significant focal hyperplasias, adenomas and adenocarcinomas limited to the combined treatment case. There were no organ weight changes or histopathological lesions in the major organs including the thyroid in the GEN, SI, NP, and MX treatment groups regardless of DHPN pretreatment. Our results thus indicate that the weakly estrogenic compounds GEN, SI and NP and the environmental rat thyroid carcinogen MX do not exert any modifying effects on thyroid carcinogenesis in rats under the present experimental conditions.