Abstract
Recent years have witnessed substantial progress in understanding tumor heterogeneity and the process of tumor progression; however, the entire process of the transition of tumors from a benign to metastatic state remains poorly understood. In the present study, we performed a prospective cancer genome-sequencing analysis by employing an experimental carcinogenesis mouse model of squamous cell carcinoma to systematically understand the evolutionary process of tumors. We surgically collected a part of a lesion of each tumor and followed the progression of these tumors in vivo over time. Comparative time-series analysis of the genomes of tumors with different fates, i.e., those that eventually metastasized and regressed, suggested that these tumors acquired and inherited different mutations. These findings suggest that despite the occurrence of an intra-tumor selection event for malignant alteration during the transformation from early- to late-stage papilloma, the fate determination of tumors might be determined at an even earlier stage.