Abstract
The chemopreventive actions of sodium selenite (SS), magnesium chloride (MC), ascorbic acid (AA) and retinyl acetate (RA), given singly or in combinations, on mammary carcinogenesis induced by 30 mg of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in female adult rats were evaluated. Administration of modulators was carried out from the age of 40 +/- 3 days to 240 +/- 3 days. When DMBA alone was given 100% of the rats developed mammary tumors. When modulators were given singly the tumor incidences were reduced to 51.77% (SS), 46.4% (MC), 57.1% (AA) and 48.1% (RA). When the modulators were given in combination of twos, the tumor incidences were further reduced to 29.5% (SS + MC), 31% (SS + AA), 29.6% (SS + RA), 25.9% (MC + AA), 31.8% (MC + RA) and 34.6% (AA + RA). Administration of modulators in combinations of threes resulted in still further reduction of tumor incidences to 22.2% (SS + MC + AA), 19.2% (SS + MC + RA), 16% (MC + AA + RA) and 23.1% (AA + RA + SS). When all four modulators were given concurrently the tumor incidence was only 12%. Further, the number of tumors per tumor-bearing animal declined with the increase in the number of agents used in combination for modulation.