Abstract
Studying the responses of soil respiration (R(s)) to soil management changes is critical for enhancing our understanding of the global carbon cycle and has practical implications for grassland management. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (1) quantify daily and seasonal patterns of R(s), (2) evaluate the influence of abiotic factors on R(s), and (3) detect the effects of soil management changes on R(s). We hypothesized that (1) most of daily and seasonal variation in R(s) could be explained by soil temperature (T(s)) and soil water content (S(w)), (2) soil management changes could significantly affect R(s), and (3) soil management changes affected R(s) via the significant change in abiotic and biotic factors. In situ R(s) values were monitored in an agropastoral ecotone in Inner Mongolia, China, during the growing seasons in 2009 (August to October) and 2010 (May to October). The soil management changes sequences included free grazing grassland (FG), cropland (CL), grazing enclosure grassland (GE), and abandoned cultivated grassland (AC). During the growing season in 2010, cumulative R(s) for FG, CL, GE, and AC averaged 265.97, 344.74, 236.70, and 226.42 gC m(-2) year(-1), respectively. The T(s) and S(w) significantly influenced R(s) and explained 66%-86% of the variability in daily R(s). Monthly mean temperature and precipitation explained 78%-96% of the variability in monthly R(s). The results clearly showed that R(s) was increased by 29% with the conversion of FG to CL and decreased by 35% and 11% with the conversion of CL to AC and FG to GE. The factors impacting the change in R(s) under different soil management changes sequences varied. Our results confirm the tested hypotheses. The increase in Q(10) and litter biomass induced by conversion of FG to GE could lead to increased R(s) if the climate warming. We suggest that after proper natural restoration period, grasslands should be utilized properly to decrease R(s).