Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the trueness and precision of three low-cost 3D printers compared to a professional-grade printer in fabricating orthodontic models. METHODS: Two upper dental models, one crowded and one non-crowded, were designed using Blenderfordental and Autolign. The models were printed with Anycubic M3 Premium, Anycubic Photon D2, Phrozen Sonic Mini 8K, and Ackuretta Sol at 45° and 90° using Elegoo orthodontic and Ackuretta Curo resins. A total of 384 models were produced: 256 crowded (128 at 90° and 128 at 45°) and 128 non-crowded (all at 45°). Chitubox Dental Slicer and ALPHA AI slicer were used for slicing. Post-processing involved cleaning with Ackuretta Cleani and curing in Ackuretta Curie. The models were scanned with Smartoptics Vinyl Open Air. Trueness was assessed using RMS deviation analysis in CloudCompare and linear measurements. RESULTS: One-way ANOVA showed significant differences in trueness among the printers at 45° (p < 0.001) and 90° (p < 0.001). The Ackuretta Sol (LCD) exhibited the highest trueness, with the lowest mean RMS values at 45° (0.095 ± 0.008 mm) and 90° (0.115 ± 0.010 mm). The Anycubic M3 Premium (LCD) had the lowest trueness, with RMS values at 45° (0.136 ± 0.015 mm) and 90° (0.149 ± 0.012 mm). The 45° build angle resulted in significantly better trueness than 90° (p < 0.001). In linear measurements, deviations exceeding 0.25 mm were observed only in the R1 distance, except for the Ackuretta SOL, which remained below this threshold. CONCLUSIONS: The professional-grade printer demonstrated the best performance overall. Printing at a 45° build angle resulted in improved accuracy. Despite differences among devices, all printers produced results within clinically acceptable limits for orthodontic use.