Abstract
Biotemplating technique allows the synthesis of catalysts, recreating the sophisticated structure of nature templates. In this work, some biotemplated TiO(2) semiconductors were synthesized using Olea europaea leaves as templates. Then, g-C(3)N(4) was coupled to materials to later incorporate Pt on the surface or as dopant in the structure to evaluate the efficiency of the solids in two photocatalytic applications to valorize biomass: hydrogen production through glycerol photoreforming, and photoacetalization of cinnamaldehyde with 1,2-propanediol. In glycerol photoreforming, the presence of Pt (superficial or dopant) enhanced hydrogen production, being Pt@AOLCN (a heterojunction containing biotemplated TiO(2), g-C(3)N(4), and Pt) the system that exhibited the highest efficiency (3053.4 µmol·g(cat)(-1)·h(-1)). For photoacetalization, while Pt reduced cinnamaldehyde conversion, it improved selectivity when incorporated on TiO(2). Notably, carbon nitride (CN) exhibited the highest yield after 16 h of testing. The study emphasizes the importance of tailoring catalyst selection to specific reactions, as efficiency is closely tied to the structural and chemical properties of the materials. These findings contribute to the development of efficient photocatalysts for sustainable biomass valorization processes.