Abstract
Liquid metal (LM), which possesses unique material properties such as excellent flexibility, high thermal and electrical conductivities, and biocompatibility, has demonstrated broad application potential in the fields of intelligent manufacturing, flexible electronics, and biomedical engineering. This paper presents a systematic review of recent advances in multifunctional LM materials for biomimetic applications, with a focus on 3D printing, catalysis, sensing, and biomedical technologies. Through advanced 3D printing techniques-including direct writing, embedded printing, and extrusion/infiltration-LM has been effectively utilized in the fabrication of high-precision electronic components. In catalysis, LM-based catalysts exhibit superior performance in energy conversion and environmental remediation due to their high catalytic activity and selectivity. Moreover, LM has made notable progress in the development of high-performance sensors and biomedical devices, contributing significantly to the advancement of health monitoring and intelligent diagnostic and therapeutic technologies. This review aims to provide theoretical insights and technical references for further research and engineering applications of liquid metals.