Abstract
More than 70% of American adults are overweight or obese, a precondition leading to chronic diseases, including diabetes and hypertension. Among other factors, diets with high fat and carbohydrate content have been implicated in obesity. In this study, we hypothesize that the choline and geranate (CAGE) ionic liquid can reduce body weight by decreasing fat absorption through the intestine. In vitro studies performed using docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a model fat molecule, show that CAGE forms particles 2 to 4 μm in diameter in the presence of fat molecules. Ex vivo permeation studies in rat intestine showed that formation of such large particles reduces intestinal fat absorption. In vivo, CAGE reduces DHA absorption by 60% to 70% compared with controls. DHA administered with CAGE was retained in the intestine even after 6 h. Rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) and 10 μL of daily oral CAGE exhibited 12% less body weight gain compared with rats fed with an HFD without CAGE for 30 d. Rats that were given CAGE also ate less food than the control groups. Serum biochemistry and histology results indicated that CAGE was well tolerated by the rats. Collectively, our data support the hypothesis that CAGE interacts with fat molecules to prevent their absorption through intestinal tissue and potentially providing a feeling of satiety. We conclude that CAGE offers an effective means to control body weight and a promising tool to tackle the obesity epidemic.