Abstract
As a kind of volatile organic compound (VOC), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is hazardous to human health and destructive to the environment if not handled properly. MTBE should be removed before the release of wastewater. The present work supported the methyl-modified silica layer (MSL) on porous α-Al(2)O(3) ceramic membranes with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) as a precursor and pre-synthesized mesoporous silica microspheres as dopants by the sol-gel reaction and dip-coating method. MTMS is an environmentally friendly agent compared to fluorinated alkylsilane. The MSL-supported Al(2)O(3) ceramic membranes were used for MTBE/water separation by pervaporation. The NMR spectra revealed that MTMS evolves gradually from an oligomer to a highly cross-linked methyl-modified silica species. Methyl-modified silica species and pre-synthesized mesoporous silica microspheres combine into hydrophobic mesoporous MSL. MSL makes the α-Al(2)O(3) ceramic membranes transfer from amphiphilic to hydrophobic and oleophilic. The MSL-supported α-Al(2)O(3) ceramic membranes (MSL-10) exhibit an MTBE/water separation factor of 27.1 and a total flux of 0.448 kg m(-2) h(-1), which are considerably higher than those of previously reported membranes that are modified by other alkylsilanes via the post-grafting method. The mesopores within the MSL provide a pathway for the transport of MTBE molecules across the membranes. The presence of methyl groups on the external and inner surface is responsible for the favorable separation performance and the outstanding long-term stability of the MSL-supported porous α-Al(2)O(3) ceramic membranes.