Abstract
BACKGROUND: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest carries a poor prognosis with survival less than 10% in many patient cohorts. Survival is inversely associated with duration of resuscitation as external chest compressions do not provide sufficient blood flow to prevent irreversible organ damage during a prolonged resuscitation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) instituted during cardiac arrest can provide normal physiological blood flows and is termed Extracorporeal Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR). ECPR may improve survival when used with in-hospital cardiac arrests. This possible survival benefit has not been replicated in trials of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, possibly because of the additional time it takes to transport the patient to hospital and initiate ECPR. Pre-hospital ECPR may shorten the time between cardiac arrest and physiological blood flows, potentially improving survival. It may also mitigate some of the neurological injury that many survivors suffer. METHODS: Sub30 is a prospective six patient feasibility study. The primary aim is to test whether it is possible to institute ECPR within 30 min of collapse in adult patients with refractory out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The secondary aims are to gather preliminary data on clinical outcomes, resource utilisation, and health economics associated with rapid ECPR delivery in order to plan any subsequent clinical investigation or clinical service. On study days a dedicated fast-response vehicle with ECPR capability will be tasked to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in an area of London served by Barts Heart Centre. If patients suffer a cardiac arrest refractory to standard advanced resuscitation and meet eligibility criteria, ECPR will be started in the pre-hospital environment. DISCUSSION: Delivering pre-hospital ECPR within 30 min of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest presents significant ethical, clinical, governance and logistical challenges. Prior to conducting an efficacy study of ECPR the feasibility of timely and safe application must be demonstrated first. Extensive planning, multiple high-fidelity multiagency simulations and a unique collaboration between pre-hospital and in-hospital institutions will allow us to test the feasibility of this intervention in London. The study has been reviewed, refined and endorsed by the International ECMO Network (ECMONet). TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials. gov NCT03700125, prospectively registered October 9, 2018.