Abstract
Perioperative anxiety is a multifaceted phenomenon that significantly impacts patients undergoing surgical procedures. Despite advancements in surgical techniques and anesthetic management, the psychological burden associated with anesthesia and surgery remains a significant challenge for healthcare providers. Up to 30% of patients suffer from anesthesia-related preoperative anxiety, irrespective of whether the procedure is elective or emergent. Notably, anxiety can adversely affect patient outcomes, including pain management, patient safety, overall quality of care, and patient satisfaction. Addressing perioperative anxiety requires a comprehensive understanding of its causes, assessment tools, and management strategies to ensure optimal perioperative care. This review examines the historical context, incidence, causes, pathophysiology, assessment tools, and current evidence regarding management strategies for anesthesia-related anxiety, and provides an outlook on future directions for research and everyday practice.