Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease that frequently results in tooth loss and systemic complications. Traditional diagnostic methods have limited sensitivity and often fail to detect early disease activity. Biosensors have emerged as promising tools for the early and accurate detection of specific biomarkers in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid. This review highlights recent advancements in electrochemical, optical, lab-on-a-chip technologies, and nanosensors for periodontal diagnosis. These innovations provide rapid, non-invasive, point-of-care capabilities, enabling improved monitoring and personalized treatment. While challenges remain in clinical translation, biosensors have significant potential to transform periodontal diagnostics and enhance patient outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: not applicable.