Abstract
BACKGROUND: Some uncommon lymphoproliferative and histiocytic disorders may present with an aggressive course and require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as part of the therapeutic approach. METHODS: Published research on the use of HSCT for the treatment of these disorders was reviewed and summarized. RESULTS: Allogeneic HSCT may be indicated in patients with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasia, familial or secondary recurrent hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and resistant Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Autologous HSCT may be considered in patients with Castleman disease resistant to treatment. No role has been established for the use of HSCT for dendritic cell sarcoma. CONCLUSIONS: HSCT has an evolving role in the treatment of select aggressive lymphoproliferative and histiocytic disorders.