Abstract
Hearing is essential for animal survival and social communication, relying on the function of sensory hair cells. These cells possess organized stereocilia bundles enriched with mechano-electrical transduction (MET) channels that convert mechanical stimuli into electrical signals. Tip links, fine extracellular filaments connecting adjacent stereocilia, play a critical role in transmitting mechanical forces to MET channels. Over the past three decades, technological advances have significantly enhanced our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying auditory transduction. Zebrafish, with its conserved hair cell structure and function similar to mammals, has become a valuable model in auditory research. The aim of this review is to summarize the research progress on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of MET, tip link, and stereocilia complex, with an emphasis on zebrafish studies, providing an important reference for understanding diseases of the human auditory system.