Abstract
Children have been called therapeutic orphans as they have been excluded from drug research and new drug development resulting in the lack of proper labels for majority of the drugs for pediatric use. The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (BPCA) and the Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA) are two legislative mandates to improve pediatric drug labeling. The BPCA legislation authorizes the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to implement research programs through funding clinical trials to study off-patent drugs in pediatric population. Obstetric pharmacology research gaps are in many ways similar to those in pediatrics, including off-label use of common medications, and lack of knowledge of appropriate dosing, safety, and efficacy of drugs. Much research is needed to define mechanisms of disease and drug actions in pregnant women to fill the knowledge gaps.